Trigonometry is the study of triangles, which contain angles, of course. Get to know some special rules for angles and various other important functions, definitions, and translations. Sines and cosines are two trig functions that factor heavily into any study of trigonometry; they have their own formulas and rules that you’ll want to understand if you plan to study trig for very long.
Formulas to Help You in Trigonometry
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Many of the formulas used in trigonometry are also found in algebra and analytic geometry. But trigonometry also has some special formulas usually found just in those discussions. A formula provides you a rule or equation that you can count on to work, every single time. A formula gives a relationship between particular quantities and units. The main trick to using formulas is to know what the different letters represent. In the formulas given here, you have: r (radius); d (diameter or distance); b (base or measure of a side); h (height); a, b, c (measures of sides); x, y (coordinates on a graph); m (slope); M (midpoint); h, k (horizontal and vertical distances from the center); θ (angle theta); and s (arc length). The formulas particular to trigonometry have: sin (sine), cos (cosine), and tan (tangent), although only sin is represented here.
Special Right Triangles
Every right triangle has the property that the sum of the squares of the two legs is equal to the square of the hypotenuse (the longest side). The Pythagorean theorem is written: a2 + b2 = c2. What’s so special about the two right triangles shown here is that you have an even more special relationship between the measures of the sides — one that goes beyond (but still works with) the Pythagorean theorem. When you have a 30-60-90 right triangle, the measure of the hypotenuse is always twice the measure of the shortest side, and the other leg is always
Macromedia freehand 10 download. or about 1.7 times as big as the shortest side. With the isosceles right triangle, the two legs measure the same, and the hypotenuse is always
or about 1.4 times as long as those two legs.
Right Triangle Definitions for Trigonometry Functions
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The basic trig functions can be defined with ratios created by dividing the lengths of the sides of a right triangle in a specific order. The label hypotenuse always remains the same — it’s the longest side. But the designations of opposite and adjacent can change — depending on which angle you’re referring to at the time. The opposite side is always that side that doesn’t help make up the angle, and the adjacent side is always one of the sides of the angle. Blaupunkt radio code generator unlock any car device.
Coordinate Definitions for Trigonometry Functions
The trig functions can be defined using the measures of the sides of a right triangle. But they also have very useful definitions using the coordinates of points on a graph. First, let let the vertex of an angle be at the origin — the point (0,0) — and let the initial side of that angle lie along the positive x-axis and the terminal side be a rotation in a counterclockwise motion. Then, when the point (x,y) lies on a circle that’s intersected by that terminal side, the trig functions are defined with the following ratios, where r is the radius of the circle.
Signs of Trigonometry Functions in Quadrants
An angle is in standard position when its vertex is at the origin, its initial side is on the positive x-axis, and the terminal side rotates counterclockwise from the initial side. The position of the terminal side determines the sign of the various trig functions of that angle. The following shows you which functions are positive — and you can assume that the other functions are negative in that quadrant.
Degree/Radian Equivalences for Selected Angles
As you study trigonometry, you’ll find occasions when you need to change degrees to radians, or vice versa. A formula for changing from degrees to radians or radians to degrees is:
The formula works for any angle, but the most commonly used angles and their equivalences are shown below.
Laws of Sines and Cosines
The laws of sines and cosines give you relationships between the lengths of the sides and the trig functions of the angles. These laws are used when you don’t have a right triangle — they work in any triangle. You determine which law to use based on what information you have. In general, the side a lies opposite angle A, the side b is opposite angle B, and side c is opposite angle C.
Exact Trigonometry Functions for Selected Acute Angles
Using the lengths of the sides of the two special right triangles — the 30-60-90 right triangle and the 45-45-90 right triangle — the following exact values for trig functions are found. Audiobro la scoring strings keygen crack. Using these values in conjunction with reference angles and signs of the functions in the different quadrants, you can determine the exact values of the multiples of these angles.
My program needs to output a (fairly complex) form to the printer, including several images. I’m currently doing this using Delphi (2006)’s Printer.Canvas
, after selecting a PDF printer (PDF995). This works like a treat.
However, I’m now running into a problem: there’s one partially transparent image that needs to be placed on top of other elements (borders, background and such), with portions of that text still visible through parts of the image.
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Doing this on a regular screen Canvas
works fine with regular TBitmap
s, by using the TransparentColor
property. However, when I try to do this on a printer, it doesn’t always work; and when I try this on a PDF printer, it never works: the background turns black, or (the best result so far), turns white, but still overwrites anything underneath it.
I’ve tried achieving the same result by inserting a PNG image with alpha transparency (a.k.a. translucency) in a Word document, and then sending that to said PDF printer. The translucency disappears, but pixel transparency is maintained. So that, at least, should somehow be possible.
Anybody know how?
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MartijnMartijn4 Answers
You mention you are using the TransparentColor property, so is it correct to say you don't really need alpha transparency and can get away with using binary transparency (transparency for each pixel is either off or on)?
If so, it might be possible to generate a Region from your bitmap.
You then use this region as a clipping region and draw the bitmap.
The PDF printer might be able to handle a clipping region correctly.
Here's an example of generating a region from a bitmap, it's used to make non-rectangular forms but the idea is the same:http://www.delphi-central.com/BitmapShapedForm.aspx
Here is another example of setting a clipping region for your TCanvas:http://www.efg2.com/Lab/OtherProjects/PrinterDemo2.htm
Kevin NewmanKevin NewmanI don't think you can achieve partial transparency using a pdf printer. What you can do is get the VisPDF package. With it you can add a mask to the images contained in the pdf that you actually produce right in you're application. If this is not an option, you could combine all your background stuff in to one image. Drawing the alphachanneled thing on this image.
TomTomI also had this problem before, If I recall correctly, what I ended up doing was to create an off screen bitmap that I manipulated, then after I was done copied again and used the new bitmap copy on the canvas I was sending to the printer.
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You may want to consider using a third-party PDF component in your application to render the canvas directly to PDF. I use this technique for specialized reporting (RTF, Radioemtric JPEGs, Tables, Text etc) in a commercial product I developed for Infrared Thermography. I am very happy with the performance and quality. The component I am using llPDFLib was just updated and I believe now supports full image transparency.
Best of luck. Printing images with an Alpha channel can be challenging at times in my experience.